Acer Shirasawanum: The Enchanting Full Moon Maple

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Acer shirasawanum: A Jewel of the Japanese Maple World

Acer shirasawanum, often referred to as the Fullmoon Maple, is a captivating deciduous tree native to Japan. Renowned for its delicate, rounded leaves and vibrant seasonal colors, it has become a prized specimen in gardens and landscapes worldwide. This article delves into the various aspects of this exquisite tree, exploring its characteristics, cultivation requirements, popular varieties, and its significance in horticulture.

Introduction to Acer shirasawanum

Acer shirasawanum belongs to the maple family (Aceraceae) and is closely related to the more common Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple). However, it distinguishes itself with its unique leaf shape and exceptional fall foliage. The species name “shirasawanum” honors the Japanese botanist Yasui Shirasawa. This tree’s elegant form and subtle beauty make it a favorite among garden enthusiasts and landscape designers.

Key Characteristics

Leaves: The leaves are the most defining feature, typically having 9 to 13 shallow lobes, giving them a rounded, full appearance, hence the name “Fullmoon Maple.” They are smaller than those of Acer palmatum and have a finely serrated margin.

Bark: The bark is smooth and greyish-brown, adding to the tree’s overall refined appearance.

Flowers: In spring, small, inconspicuous reddish-purple flowers emerge in corymbs.

Fruits: The fruits are samaras (winged seeds), which mature in autumn.

Growth Habit: Acer shirasawanum is a slow-growing, small to medium-sized tree, typically reaching heights of 15 to 25 feet.

Seasonal Color: The most spectacular feature is its fall foliage, which ranges from vibrant yellows and oranges to deep reds and purples.

Cultivation and Care

Successful cultivation of Acer shirasawanum requires attention to specific environmental conditions and care practices.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Climate: It thrives in temperate climates with distinct seasons. It prefers areas with cool summers and mild winters.

Soil: Well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil is crucial. Heavy clay or waterlogged soils can lead to root rot.

Sunlight: While it prefers partial shade, particularly in hot climates, it can tolerate full sun in cooler regions. However, excessive sun exposure can scorch the leaves, especially during the hottest parts of the day.

Watering: Consistent moisture is essential, especially during dry periods. However, overwatering should be avoided.

Wind Protection: Strong winds can damage the delicate leaves. A sheltered location is ideal.

planting and Maintenance

Planting: Spring or autumn are the best times for planting. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and ensure proper drainage.

Mulching: Applying a layer of mulch around the base of the tree helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.

Fertilizing: Light fertilization in spring with a balanced fertilizer can promote healthy growth. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of root development.

Pruning: Minimal pruning is required. Remove dead or damaged branches and shape the tree as needed. Pruning is best done during the dormant season.

Pest and Disease Control: Acer shirasawanum is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, watch for aphids, spider mites, and fungal diseases. Ensure good air circulation to minimize fungal issues.

Popular Varieties of Acer shirasawanum

Several cultivars of Acer shirasawanum have been developed, each offering unique characteristics and aesthetic appeal.

‘Aureum’

Known for its vibrant golden-yellow leaves in spring, which gradually turn chartreuse in summer and then display orange and red hues in autumn.

It prefers partial shade to prevent leaf scorch.

A slow-growing cultivar that adds a bright, cheerful element to any garden.

‘Autumn Moon’ (Acer shirasawanum ‘Meigetsu’)

Features leaves that exhibit a stunning range of colors throughout the seasons, starting with pinkish-orange in spring, turning green in summer, and culminating in a brilliant display of orange, red, and purple in autumn.

It is known for its exceptional fall color and compact growth habit.

Very popular and sought after.

‘Jordan’

Displays a beautiful golden yellow color in the spring and into the summer.

It is known for its stronger heat tolerance than other golden varieties.

The fall color is usually an orange to reddish hue.

‘Red Dawn’

New growth comes out a striking red color, before transitioning to a green in the summer.

Fall brings a bright red color.

A relatively new cultivar that is gaining popularity.

‘Palmatifolium’

This variety has leaves that look more like acer palmatum leaves, but still has the shirasawanum qualities.

The leaves have deeper lobes than other shirasawanum.

The fall color is a beautiful mix of red and orange.

Significance in Horticulture and Landscaping

Acer shirasawanum is highly valued in horticulture and landscaping for its aesthetic qualities and versatility.

Garden Focal Point

Its elegant form and vibrant seasonal colors make it an ideal focal point in gardens and landscapes.

It can be used as a specimen tree, in rock gardens, or as part of a mixed border.

Japanese Garden Influence

Its origins in Japan make it a natural fit for Japanese-style gardens, where its refined beauty complements the serene atmosphere.

It is often used in combination with other Japanese maples, evergreens, and stones to create harmonious landscapes.

Container Gardening

Its slow growth and compact size make it suitable for container gardening, allowing it to be enjoyed on patios and balconies.

Proper drainage and regular watering are essential for container-grown plants.

Landscape Design Considerations

When incorporating Acer shirasawanum into a landscape design, consider its mature size, color palette, and environmental requirements.

It pairs well with other shade-loving plants, such as hostas, ferns, and azaleas.

Challenges and Considerations

Despite its beauty, Acer shirasawanum can present certain challenges.

Leaf Scorch

Exposure to intense sunlight and dry winds can lead to leaf scorch, causing the leaves to brown and wither.

Providing partial shade and adequate moisture can help prevent this issue.

Root Rot

Poor drainage and overwatering can lead to root rot, a serious fungal disease that can kill the tree.

Ensuring well-drained soil and avoiding overwatering are crucial.

Slow Growth

Its slow growth rate may require patience, particularly for those seeking quick landscape impact.

However, this slow growth also contributes to its long term compact size, and beauty.

Conclusion

Acer shirasawanum stands as a testament to the beauty and elegance of Japanese maples. Its unique leaf shape, vibrant seasonal colors, and refined form make it a cherished addition to gardens and landscapes worldwide. By understanding its cultivation requirements and appreciating its aesthetic qualities, gardeners can successfully incorporate this exquisite tree into their own outdoor spaces, enjoying its beauty for years to come. The Fullmoon Maple, with its understated elegance, continues to captivate and inspire, solidifying its place as a true jewel of the garden.