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Schlumbergera: The Enchanting Holiday Cactus
Schlumbergera, often called holiday cacti, are beloved houseplants that bring vibrant color to homes during the winter months. These epiphytic cacti, native to the Brazilian rainforest, have unique characteristics and care requirements that set them apart from their desert-dwelling cousins.
Origins and Taxonomy
Schlumbergera – Wikipedia
Schlumbergera belong to the Cactaceae family and are found in the coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil.
The genus was named in 1858 by Charles Lemaire, honoring Frédéric Schlumberger, a collector of cacti.
Key species include:
Schlumbergera truncata (Thanksgiving cactus)
Schlumbergera russelliana (a parent of the Christmas cactus)
Schlumbergera × buckleyi (Christmas cactus)
Schlumbergera gaertneri (Easter cactus)
These plants grow epiphytically or lithophytically, meaning they thrive on trees or rocks in their natural habitat.
Characteristics and Identification
” Schlumbergera Holiday Cactus assorted colors
Schlumbergera have segmented, flattened stems (phylloclades) that resemble leaves.
Their flowers are zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) and come in various colors, including red, pink, purple, yellow, and white.
Distinguishing between species can be done by examining the stem segments and flower characteristics:
S. truncata has stem segments with pointed, “crab claw” like edges.
S. × buckleyi has stem segments with more rounded edges.
S. gaertneri has more rounded stem segments, and a star like radial flower.
They are known for their winter blooming period, which varies depending on the species.
Cultivation and Care
Light
Schlumbergera prefer bright, indirect light.
Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.
They can thrive indoors near a window or outdoors in a shaded area.
Temperature
These plants prefer temperatures between 50°F and 70°F (10°C and 21°C).
Cooler nighttime temperatures are essential for flower bud development.
They are sensitive to frost and should be brought indoors when temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).
Watering
Schlumbergera require more moisture than desert cacti.
Water when the top inch of soil is dry.
Ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot.
Reduce watering after flowering, during the plants rest period.
Humidity
They thrive in humid environments.
Increase humidity by placing the plant on a tray of pebbles filled with water or by using a humidifier.
Soil and Fertilization
Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a cactus or succulent mix.
Fertilize every two to four weeks during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer.
Stop fertilizing during the plants dormant period.
Blooming
To induce blooming, provide 12-14 hours of darkness and cool nighttime temperatures (50-55°F) for six to eight weeks before the desired bloom time.
Avoid moving the plant once buds have formed, as this can cause them to drop.
Repotting and Propagation
Repot Schlumbergera when they become root-bound, typically every two to three years.
Propagation is easily done by stem cuttings.
Allow the cuttings to callous before planting them in a well-draining soil mix.
Common Issues and Solutions
Bud Drop
Caused by changes in temperature, light, or humidity.
Maintain consistent growing conditions.
Avoid moving the plant when buds are forming.
Root Rot
Caused by overwatering.
Ensure proper drainage and allow the soil to dry between waterings.
Pests
Mealybugs and spider mites can be a problem.
Inspect plants regularly and treat infestations with insecticidal soap.
Historical Significance and Popularity
Schlumbergera have been popular houseplants since the 19th century.
They are often given as holiday gifts due to their vibrant winter blooms.
They have been hybridized to create many cultivars with a very broad range of flower colors.
Their long lifespan, with some plants living for 50 years or more, causes them to be commonly passed down through generations of families.
Conclusion
Schlumbergera are captivating plants that add a touch of tropical beauty to indoor environments. With proper care, these holiday cacti can provide years of vibrant blooms and enjoyment.
